Cedar Creek Laws

Revised July 2022

Welcome to the Laws of Cedar Creek. Below you will find listings and details on each law that is currently in effect within Cedar Creek. While we are closely modeled after Colorado, please remember that laws are still amended or absent altogether to make them more suitable for a Second Life environment.

Not all fees and expected consequences are listed in the description of the law, and all fines are minimums (this means they could be more after a judgment is made). Citations and court-mandated sentences will detail these in full. Failure to pay fines or comply with sentences could result in the issuance of a warrant for arrest and additional charges.

Civil cases are limited to repayments of debts owed (no actual Lindens exchanged), defamation of character, wrongful termination, adoptions, custody, marriages, divorces, and final will distributions.

Cedar Creek does NOT recognize outside laws or law enforcement. Real-world Constitutional and Civil rights do not exist within the VIRTUAL world of Cedar Creek unless detailed in the list below or the statements above.

((Some of these will also include OOC notes to assist in the proper use or display of particular items. Details on DMV items and Criminal RP can be found in our Covenant. ALL FINES ARE FOR RP PURPOSES! THERE IS NO EXCHANGE OF LINDENS!))

Cedar Creek Covenant

Traffic Violations

Driving w/o a DL or Permit in Possession (Misdemeanor): Anyone operating a motor vehicle is required to have their Driver’s License/Permit on their person or within their possession for the duration of the operation.

Failure to have a Driver’s License/Permit on person or within possession could result in a L$50 fine.

Driving w/o a DL or Permit Issued (Misdemeanor): Failure to obtain a Driver’s License/Permit prior to operating a motor vehicle is a violation of this code.

Fines are subject to a minimum of L$200 and failure to pay could result in the issuance of a warrant for arrest. Repeat offenders are subject to appearing in court and having their driving privileges permanently revoked.

Unlawful Possession/Use of a License (Misdemeanor): No person shall have in such person’s possession a lawfully issued driver’s, minor driver’s, or temporary driver’s license or instruction permit, knowing that such license or permit has been falsely altered by means of erasure, obliteration, deletion, insertion of new matter, transposition of matter, or any other means so that such license or permit in its thus altered form falsely appears or purports to be in all respects an authentic and lawfully issued license or permit.

No person shall fraudulently obtain a driver’s, minor driver’s, or temporary driver’s license or an instruction permit.

No person shall operate a vehicle with a suspended or expired driver’s license or permit.

Driving Under Restraint (Misdemeanor): Anyone who operates a motor vehicle with the knowledge that their Driver’s License or Permit is under restraint or is restrained for an outstanding judgment is in violation of this code.
(i) “Knowledge” means actual knowledge of any restraint from whatever source or knowledge of circumstances sufficient to cause a reasonable person to be aware that such person’s license or privilege to drive was under restraint. “Knowledge” does not mean knowledge of a particular restraint or knowledge of the duration of restraint.
(ii) “Restraint” or “restrained” means any denial, revocation, or suspension of a person’s license or privilege to drive a motor vehicle in this state or another state.

Those charged with this violation MUST appear before a court.

Improper Display/Expired Vehicle Registration (Misdemeanor): ALL vehicles are required to have the License Plate registered to that vehicle displayed on the REAR of the vehicle (OR have the vehicle registration number placed in the picks of their profile).

Failure to properly display vehicle registration as stated will result in a traffic infraction and a fine of L$50. ALL vehicles are required to have VALID registrations (up to date/nonexpired).

Failure to properly and timely renew a vehicle registration (by the end of the month that the plate shows for expiration), will result in a traffic infraction and a fine of L$50.

Vehicle Registration – 1st Offense (Misdemeanor): Within 2 weeks of purchase or relocation, every owner of a motor vehicle, trailer, semi, or any vehicle designed to be operated on city, town, or county roads, will register the vehicle with the Department of Motor Vehicles.

A person who violates this traffic infraction will have a penalty of L$200.

This will not apply to bicycles, electric-assisted bicycles, or other human-powered vehicles. Non-residents are required to register as well under Citizenship and will be held to the same two-week stipulation.

Vehicle Registration – Repeat Offense (Misdemeanor): Within 2 weeks of purchase or relocation, every owner of a motor vehicle, trailer, semi, or any vehicle designed to be operated on city, town, or county roads, will register the vehicle with the Department of Motor Vehicles.

A person who violates this traffic infraction will have a penalty of L$200, failure to pay could result in a warrant for arrest. This will not apply to bicycles, electric-assisted bicycles, or other human-powered vehicles.

Non-residents are required to register as well under Citizenship and will be held to the same two-week stipulation.

REPEAT OFFENDERS:
(i)The second offense to this infraction will result in a L$500 fine as well as a suspension of their Driver’s License or Permit until BOTH fines for the citations have been paid. Failure to do so could result in the issuance of a warrant for the offender’s arrest.
(ii)A third offense to this infraction will result in the revocation of their Driver’s License or Permit. ALL fines will have to be paid, as well as a revocation period of 4 weeks (28 days) served before the Driver’s License or Permit can be petitioned for reinstatement. Failure to pay fines and abide by the revocation period could result in the issuance of a warrant for the offender’s arrest
(iii) The fourth offense to this infraction will result in the permanent revocation of the offender’s Driver’s License or Permit.
Repeat offenses must occur within a 60 day period of the first infraction.

Failure to Obey Traffic Signs/Barriers (Misdemeanor): A violation of this code occurs when the operator of a motor vehicle or unmotorized vehicle fails to follow the instructions of a traffic sign or crosses into an area blocked with barriers. Negligence to learn the various meanings of road signs is NOT a justification for violating this code.

The fee for this violation is a minimum of L$75.

Disobeying Official Traffic Control Devices (Misdemeanor): No driver of a vehicle shall disobey the instructions of any official traffic control device including any official hand signal device placed or displayed in accordance with the provisions of this article unless otherwise directed by a police officer subject to the exceptions in this article granted the driver of an authorized emergency vehicle.

Failure to Yield Right-of-Way (Misdemeanor): A violation of this code occurs when the operator of a vehicle (motorized or unmotorized) fails to obey traffic regulations and yield the right of way to oncoming traffic, pedestrians, or emergency vehicles.

The fine for this violation is a minimum of L$100.

Should a bodily injury occur along with this violation, additional charges and fees could be incurred, and the accused would be required to appear in court.

Driving the Wrong Way on a 1 Way Road (Misdemeanor): A violation of this code occurs when an operator of a motor vehicle takes it down/up a one-way road in the opposite direction of the posted traffic sign.

Prohibited Parking (Misdemeanor): No person may park a vehicle, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or an official traffic control device, in any of the following places:

(i) On a sidewalk;
(ii) Within twenty feet of an intersection;
(iii) Within twenty feet or on a crosswalk;
(iv) Between a safety zone and the adjacent curb or within thirty feet of points on the curb immediately opposite the ends of a safety zone, unless the traffic authority indicates a different length by signs or markings;
(v) Alongside or opposite any street excavation or obstruction when stopping, standing or parking would obstruct traffic;
(vi) On the roadway side of any vehicle stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a street;
(vii) Upon any bridge or other elevated structure upon a highway or within a highway tunnel;
(viii) On or within twenty feet of any railroad tracks; (ix) On any controlled-access highway;
(x) In the area between roadways of a divided highway, including crossovers;
(xi) Within fifty feet of the nearest rail of a railroad crossing;
(xii) Within five feet of a public or private driveway;
(xiii) Within fifteen feet of a fire hydrant;
(xiv) Within twenty feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station or, on the side of a street opposite the entrance to any fire station, within seventy-five feet of said entrance when properly signposted;
(xv) At any other place where official signs prohibit.

Parking at Curb/Edge of Roadway (Misdemeanor): Parking along the curb or edge of the roadway is not permitted and is subject to citation issuance. Parking along the side of a residence or business property is also prohibited except in designated parking spots. Doing so in undesignated areas is subject to a citation issuance.

Note: No Parking signs are NOT required for a location to be considered an illegal parking location.

Abandonment of a Motor Vehicle (Misdemeanor): Any person who abandons ANY motor vehicle in ANY location without the consent of the owner or person lawfully in charge of the location commits Abandonment of a Motor Vehicle.

To “abandon” means to leave a thing with the intention not to retain possession of or assert ownership over it. The intent need not coincide with the act of leaving.

A motor vehicle is considered “abandoned”:
(i) If it has been left unattended and unmoved after 48 hours.
(ii) If License Plates or other identifying marks of the motor vehicle have been removed, it will be considered abandoned.
(iii) If the motor vehicle has been damaged to the point it has value for junk or salvage, the vehicle will be considered abandoned.
(iv) If the owner of the motor vehicle has been notified by law enforcement that they need to remove the vehicle and it is not removed within 24 hours, the vehicle will be considered abandoned.

Leaving the Scene of an MVA (Misdemeanor): A violation of this code occurs when a member of the parties involved in an MVA (Motor Vehicle Accident) leaves the scene of said MVA.

The fine for this violation is a minimum of L$100 and the accused MUST appear in court.

Motor Vehicle Accident (Damage Only) (Misdemeanor): The driver of any vehicle directly involved in an accident resulting only in damage to a vehicle which is driven or attended by any person shall immediately stop such vehicle at the scene of such accident or as close thereto as possible but shall immediately return to and in every event shall remain at the scene of such accident. Every such stop shall be made without obstructing traffic more than is necessary.

When an accident occurs on the traveled portion, median, or ramp of a divided highway and each vehicle involved can be safely driven, each driver shall move such driver’s vehicle as soon as practicable off the traveled portion, median, or ramp to a frontage road, the nearest suitable cross street, or other suitable location to fulfill the requirements of investigation into the accident.

Motor Vehicle Accident (Injury and Damage) (Misdemeanor): A MANDATORY court appearance is required of at least the accused at-fault party.

The driver of any vehicle directly involved in an accident resulting in injury, serious bodily injury, or death of any person shall immediately stop such vehicle at the scene of such accident or as close to the scene as possible or shall immediately return to the scene of the accident. The driver shall then remain at the scene of the accident until the driver has fulfilled the requirements of the investigation. Every such stop shall be made without obstructing traffic more than is necessary.

Any person who violates any provision of this section commits:
(i) Misdemeanor traffic offense if the accident resulted in injury to any person;
(ii) Felony if the accident resulted in serious bodily injury or death to any person. Fines and charges could amount to the revocation of the at fault’s Driver’s License if convicted in court. “Injury” means physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical or mental condition. “Serious bodily injury” means injury that involves, either at the time of the actual injury or at a later time, a substantial risk of death, a substantial risk of serious permanent disfigurement, or a substantial risk of protracted loss or impairment of the function of any part or organ of the body, or breaks, fractures, or burns of the second or third degree.

Motor Vehicle Accident (Serious Injury and Death) (Felony): A MANDATORY court appearance is required of at least the accused at-fault party.

Failure to wear a seat belt (Misdemeanor): No person shall willfully and knowingly neglect to apply a seat belt or retraining device properly in a vehicle that is meant to have these devices applied. This includes seats and restraints for children.

((RPs should be done to state that a seat belt isn’t being worn, or that a car seat is not being used.))

Careless Driving (Misdemeanor): A person who drives a motor vehicle, bicycle, electrical assisted bicycle, or low-power scooter in a careless and imprudent manner, without due regard for the width, grade, curves, corners, traffic, and use of the streets and highways and all other attendant circumstances, is guilty of careless driving.

Reckless Driving (Misdemeanor): Anyone driving a motor vehicle, bicycle, electrically assisted bicycle, or low powered scooter in a manner that indicates a willful disregard for the safety of others or property can be charged with reckless driving.

Repeat offenders could be punished by fines in excess of the minimum L$250, imprisonment, or both.

Those charged with this violation will have a MANDATORY court appearance.

Open Container (Alcohol/Marijuana) (Misdemeanor): “Open Container” refers to any container that holds alcohol or marijuana where:
(i) The Container is open; or
(ii) The Seal has been broken; or
(iii) The contents of which are partially removed.

No person operating or occupying a vehicle as a passenger, while the vehicle is on a public road of Cedar Creek or the right-of-way of a public road of Cedar Creek may knowingly:
(I) Drink an alcoholic beverage, partake in the use of marijuana; or
(II) Have in his or her possession an open alcoholic beverage or marijuana container.

Driving Under the Influence or Impairment (Felony): A person who drives a motor vehicle or vehicle under the influence of alcohol or one or more drugs, or a combination of both alcohol and one or more drugs, commits driving under the influence. A person who drives a motor vehicle or vehicle when the person’s BAC is 0.08 or more at the time of driving or within two hours after driving commits DUI Driving under the influence is a felony and could result in the revocation of a Driver’s License or Permit.

If the violation is repetitive, results in vehicular homicide or a vehicular assault then consequences could include imprisonment.

“Driving under the influence” means driving a motor vehicle or vehicle when a person has consumed alcohol or one or more drugs, or a combination of alcohol and one or more drugs, that affects the person to a degree that the person is substantially incapable, either mentally or physically, or both mentally and physically, to exercise clear judgment, sufficient physical control, or due care in the safe operation of a vehicle.

“Driving while ability impaired” means driving a motor vehicle or vehicle when a person has consumed alcohol or one or more drugs, or a combination of both alcohol and one or more drugs, that affects the person to the slightest degree so that the person is less able than the person ordinarily would have been, either mentally or physically, or both mentally and physically, to exercise clear judgment, sufficient physical control, or due care in the safe operation of a vehicle.

Speeding 1-15 MPH Over (Misdemeanor): No one should drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and posted within Cedar Creek. Exceptions exist when special hazards are present which would require a slower speed for safety reasons. A speed limit of 15 MPH is the general acceptance throughout Cedar Creek. Weather, narrow and winding roads may require a slower speed. In every charge of violating this code, the complaint, summons, and complaint, or penalty assessment notice shall specify the speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven and the speed applicable at the specified time and location of the alleged violation.

Fines vary dependent on the excess amount of speed in regard to this violation.

Speeding 16-30 MPH Over (Misdemeanor): No one should drive a vehicle at a speed greater than is reasonable and posted within Cedar Creek. Exceptions exist when special hazards are present which would require a slower speed for safety reasons. A speed limit of 15 MPH is the general acceptance throughout Cedar Creek. Weather, narrow and winding roads may require a slower speed. In every charge of violating this code, the complaint, summons, and complaint, or penalty assessment notice shall specify the speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven and the speed applicable at the specified time and location of the alleged violation.

Fines vary dependent on the excess amount of speed in regard to this violation.

Speed Contest (Misdemeanor): It is unlawful for a person to knowingly engage in a speed contest on a highway or any road within Cedar Creek.

A “speed contest” means the operation of one or more motor vehicles to conduct a race or a time trial, including but not limited to rapid acceleration, exceeding reasonable and prudent speeds for highways and existing traffic conditions, vying for position, or performing one or more lane changes in an attempt to gain the advantage over one or more of the other race participants.

The violation of these (through conviction or admittance of guilt) could result in the suspension of one’s driving privileges for up to 6 months. Repeat offenders could lose their driving privileges for up to 12 months for EACH occurrence. This is a mandatory court appearance

Penal Violations

Failure to Appear (Felony): If a person upon whom a summons or summons and complaint has been served pursuant to this fails to appear in person or by counsel at the place and time specified therein, a bench warrant may issue for his arrest.

Contempt of Court: Causing disrupt within the court, failure to comply, being disobedient to or disrespectful toward a court of law and its officers in the form of behavior that opposes or defies the authority, justice and dignity of the court.

Impersonating a Peace Officer (Felony): A person who falsely pretends to be a peace officer and performs an act in that pretended capacity commits impersonating a peace officer. This includes but is not limited to the addition of emergency service lights to a vehicle, the wearing of a badge or uniform, and the introduction of one’s self as that Peace Officer.

Dependent upon the severity a MANDATORY court appearance may be assigned.

Violation of Privacy: This occurs when someone, be it a civilian or agency official, improperly records or maintains records of identifiable information, legal or medical information and/or conversations without proper notice to the parties involved and without proper authority to do so.

This requires a mandatory appearance before a Judge be it in the court room or chambers. Fines can exceed L$5000

Attorney-Client Privilege: Refers to the legal right that keeps communications between an attorney and their client private. Clients may speak openly to their attorney without fear of it being disclosed by their attorney. A client can NOT be forced to testify about communications with their attorney nor can the attorney be forced to do the same. This applies ONLY to communications with assigned Public Defenders and privately HIRED firms. One may NOT communicate with attorneys and be given the same privilege if that attorney is not actually assigned or privately hired.

This violation will result in the suspension of the Attorney’s practicing license and a mandatory appearance before the Courts. Fines could exceed L$2500 dependent on the degree of the violation.

Unauthorized Removal and/or Obtaining of Documents or Material: Being an official of any degree within any workplace and by virtue of that position, coming into possession of documents or materials that are deemed classified, or restricted in accessibility, that knowingly removing said documents or materials without the proper authority has committed the above offense. Being of the aforementioned and knowingly retaining/obtaining documents or materials deemed classified, or restricted in accessibility, that they would not have the authority to access, has committed the above offense.

This will result in the request for the offender to be immediately suspended from their position without pay. It could also result in the termination of their employment. This will require an appearance before the Courts, could result in time to be served, and carries excessive fines.

Miranda Warning: Law Enforcement Officers are required to read a Miranda Warning before proceeding with questions to a detained or arrested person. Said person then has the right to remain silent. If they choose to speak, all information shared can be used against said person. If the Miranda Warning is NOT read, then a violation of this code has occurred and can be addressed with the Sheriff, it could potentially result in misdemeanor charges as well.

Search and Seizure: People have the right to secure themselves, their homes, documents, and materials against unreasonable and unfounded searches and seizures. Warrants shall not be issued for this without proof of probable cause and details as to what areas will be searched. Searches and seizures without warrants must have probable cause on-site, this includes but is not limited to the inspection results of a K9 sniff, things within the direct sight or smell of a Law Enforcement Officer, or the admittance of items by a detained person.

A violation of this statute will result in a mandatory internal investigation, suspension from the current position, and could possibly result in an appearance before the courts. Fines for this will be determined by the courts if need be.

Doctor-Patient Confidentiality: This statute covers what a patient may reveal to a physician as well as opinions, and conclusions that physicians may come to after having examined/assessed a patient. All medical records and communications are protected via this statute. A violation of this statute occurs when a patient’s private information has been disclosed without the patient’s consent. Limitations of this include disseminating information to state health officials and when court orders exist requiring the production of medical records.

Violations could result in additional charges, the loss of a practicing license, and fines.

Medical Malpractice: Medical Malpractice occurs when the negligent actions of a physician have resulted in the additional injuries of a patient not related to the initial injury, further complications with current injuries due to treatment, or surgical instruments or foreign objects left in the patient after a procedure.

This statute carries a limitation of 180 days after a patient’s release from care. All allegations must be filed with the courts PRIOR to midnight of the 180th day. The patient, guardian of the patient, patient’s surviving relative, or patient’s attorney must provide the basis of suspicions with some proof in order for this to be brought before the courts. The accusing party must consult a medical expert regarding the potential malpractice, and that expert must be willing to present findings through written documentation as well as testimony in court.

Confirmation of Medical Malpractice could result in the loss of the physicians practicing license, as well as excessive compensation and fines to be paid. Compensation is limited to L$1,000,000. Compensation will include lost income, reduced earning ability, as well as emotional suffering. It will NOT include additional medical treatments deemed absolutely necessary to correct the malpractice.

Loitering (Misdemeanor): The word “loiter” means to be dilatory, to stand idly around, to linger, delay, or wander about, or to remain, abide, or tarry in a public place. Loitering is the act of remaining in a particular public place for a protracted time, without any apparent purpose.

The fine for this violation is L$75.

Failure to Disperse (Misdemeanor): Any person who barricades or refuses police entry to any premises or property through use of or threatened use of force and who knowingly refuses or fails to leave any premises or property upon being requested to do so by a peace officer who has probable cause to believe a crime is occurring and that such person constitutes a danger to himself or others commits a Failure to Disperse. Any person who in the same criminal episode, knowingly holds another person hostage or who confines or detains such other person without his consent, without proper legal authority, and without the use of a deadly weapon commits a Failure to Disperse and is subject to additional charges of Kidnapping. Any person who, in the same criminal episode, recklessly or knowingly causes a peace officer to believe that he possesses a deadly weapon commits a Failure to Disperse and is subject to additional charges of Reckless Endangerment.

The minimum fine for this violation is L$250. Offenders are subject to additional charges and fines dependent on the severity of the violation and actions taken during the violation.

Failure to Disperse (Deadly Weapon) (Felony): Any person who barricades or refuses police entry to any premises or property through use of or threatened use of force and who knowingly refuses or fails to leave any premises or property upon being requested to do so by a peace officer who has probable cause to believe a crime is occurring and that such person constitutes a danger to himself or others commits a Failure to Disperse. Any person who, in the same criminal episode, knowingly holds another person hostage or who confines or detains such other person through the possession, use, or threatened use of a deadly weapon, without the other person’s consent, and without proper legal authority commits a Failure to Disperse on a Felony level. Any person who, in the same criminal episode, knowingly holds another person hostage or confines or detains such other person by knowingly causing such other person to reasonably believe that he possesses a deadly weapon commits a Failure to Disperse on a Felony level.

The minimum fine for this violation is L$5000. Offenders are subject to additional charges and fines dependent on the severity of the violation and actions taken during the violation.

Property/Building Trespass (Misdemeanor): A trespass is an intentional, wrongful entry onto another person’s property be it land or building, without the owner’s permission and without legal privilege to do so. No person shall willfully refuse or fail to leave any such property upon being requested to do so, this will also be considered a trespass.

The fine for trespass is a minimum of L$250, dependent upon the severity, additional charges and fines could be added.

Defacing Property (Misdemeanor): Any person who destroys, defaces, removes, or damages any historical monument commits the crime of defacing property. Any person who defaces or causes, aids in, or permits the defacing of public or private property without the consent of the owner by any method of defacement, including but not limited to painting, drawing, writing, or otherwise marring the surface of the property by use of paint, spray paint, ink, or any other substance or object, commits the crime of defacing property.

Any person who, with regard to a cave that is public property or the property of another, knowingly performs any of the following acts without the consent of the owner commits the crime of defacing property:
(i) Breaking or damaging any lock, fastening, door, or structure designed to enclose or protect any such cave;
(ii) Defacing, damaging, or breaking from any part of such cave any cave resource; or
(iii) Removing from such cave any cave resource. Any person convicted of defacing property shall be ordered by the court to personally make repairs to any property damaged, or properties similarly damaged, if possible.

If the property cannot be repaired, the court shall order a person convicted of defacing property to replace or compensate the owner for the damaged property but may limit such compensation.

Disorderly Conduct (Misdemeanor): A person commits disorderly conduct if he or she intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly:
(i) Makes a coarse and obviously offensive utterance, gesture, or display in a public place and the utterance, gesture, or display tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace; or
(ii) Makes unreasonable noise in a public place or near a private residence that he has no right to occupy; or
(iii) Fights with another in a public place except in an amateur or professional contest of athletic skill; or
(iv) Not being a peace officer, discharges a firearm in a public place except when engaged in lawful target practice or hunting; or
(v) Not being a peace officer, displays a deadly weapon, displays any article used or fashioned in a manner to cause a person to reasonably believe that the article is a deadly weapon, or represents verbally or otherwise that he or she is armed with a deadly weapon in a public place in a manner calculated to alarm.

The fine for this violation is L$500.

Criminal Trespassing (Felony): A person commits the crime of Criminal Trespassing if such person knowingly and unlawfully enters or remains on the property or in a dwelling of another or if such person enters any motor vehicle with intent to commit a crime therein.

The fine for a violation is L$500 and a MANDATORY appearance in court.

Littering of Public/Private Property (Misdemeanor): Any person who deposits, throws, or leaves any litter on any public or private property or in any waters commits littering.

The term “litter” as used in this section means all rubbish, waste material, refuse, garbage, trash, debris, or other foreign substances, solid or liquid, of every form, size, kind, and description.
The phrase “public or private property” as used in this section includes, but is not limited to, the right-of-way of any road or highway, any body of water or watercourse, including frozen areas or the shores or beaches thereof, any park, playground, or building, any refuge, conservation, or recreation area, and any residential, farm, or ranch properties or timberlands.

The fine for this violation is L$250 per piece of litter.

Illegal Possession/Consumption of a Controlled Substance/Paraphernalia (Misdemeanor): A person under twenty-one years of age who possesses or consumes alcohol anywhere in Cedar Creek commits illegal possession or consumption of alcohol. Illegal possession or consumption of alcohol by an underage person is a strict liability offense. A person under twenty-one years of age who possesses one ounce or less of marijuana or consumes marijuana anywhere in the Cedar Creek commits illegal possession or consumption of marijuana. Illegal possession or consumption of marijuana by an underage person is a strict liability offense.

A person twenty-one years of age or older who possess more than one ounce of marijuana, or consumes marijuana in any public place within Cedar Creek commits this offense. A person under twenty-one years of age who possesses marijuana paraphernalia anywhere in Cedar Creek and knows or reasonably should know that the drug paraphernalia could be used in circumstances in violation of the laws commits illegal possession of paraphernalia. Illegal possession of paraphernalia by an underage person is a strict liability offense.

**A parent or legal guardian of a person under twenty-one years of age or any natural person who has the permission of such parent or legal guardian may give or permit the possession and consumption of alcohol to or by a person under twenty-one years of age within their primary dwelling and under the supervision of the parent or legal guardian.

Unlawful Distribution (Felony): It is unlawful for any person knowingly to manufacture, dispense, sell, distribute, or possess with intent to manufacture, dispense, sell, or distribute, a controlled substance. “Dispense” does not include labeling.

For an offense concerning marijuana and marijuana concentrate, the violation would involve any material, compound, mixture, or preparation that weighs:
(i) More than two hundred twenty-five grams and contains a schedule I or schedule II controlled substance; or
(ii) More than one hundred twelve grams and contains methamphetamine, heroin, ketamine, or cathinones; or
(iii) More than fifty milligrams and contains flunitrazepam.

The violation involves any material, compound, mixture, or preparation materials for any controlled substance. Any person in the act of actual hand out or exchange of these controlled substances has also violated this offense.

Unlawful Carry of a Concealed Weapon (Misdemeanor): This is a violation if the person knowingly and unlawfully:

(i) Carries a knife concealed on or about his or her person; or
(ii) Carries a firearm concealed on or about his or her person and does not have the proper permit/license to do so; or
(iii) Without legal authority, carries, brings, or has in such person’s possession a firearm or any explosive, incendiary, or other dangerous device on the property of or within any building in which the chambers, galleries, or offices of the general assembly, or either house thereof, are located, or in which a legislative hearing or meeting is being or is to be conducted, or in which the official office of any member, officer, or employee of the general assembly is located.

It shall not be an offense if the defendant was in his or her own dwelling or place of business or on property owned or under his or her control at the time of the act of carrying.

Possession of an Illegal Weapon (Misdemeanor): The term “illegal weapon” means a blackjack, gas gun, metallic knuckles, gravity knife, or switchblade knife. A person who knowingly possesses an illegal weapon commits a violation of this code.

Possession of a Defaced Firearm (Misdemeanor): A person commits this violation if they knowingly and unlawfully possess a firearm that has had the manufacturer’s serial number, or other distinguishing number or identification marks removed, defaced, altered, or destroyed, except by normal wear and tear.

Possession of a Dangerous Weapon (Felony): The term “dangerous weapon” means a firearm silencer, machine gun, short shotgun, short rifle, or ballistic knife. A person who knowingly possesses a dangerous weapon commits a violation of this code.

It shall be an affirmative defense to the charge if the accused was a peace officer or member of the armed forces of the United States acting in the lawful discharge of his duties.

Illegal Discharge of a Firearm (Felony): Any person who knowingly or recklessly discharges a firearm into any dwelling or any other building or occupied structure, or into any motor vehicle occupied by any person, commits the offense of illegal discharge of a firearm.

Failure to Obey Police Officers/Flagger/Figherfighter (Misdemeanor): No person shall willfully fail or refuse to comply with any lawful order or direction of any authorized Police Officer/Flagger/Firefighter invested by law with authority to direct, control, or regulate traffic.

Any person who violates this section is subject to a L$50 fine.

Eluding/Attempting to Elude a Police Officer (Misdemeanor): Any operator of a motor vehicle who the officer has reasonable grounds to believe has violated a Cedar Creek Law, who has received a visual or audible signal such as a red light or a siren from a police officer driving a marked vehicle showing the same to be an official Police, Sheriff, or Colorado State Patrol car directing the operator to bring their vehicle to a stop, and who willfully increases his or her speed or extinguishes his or her lights in an attempt to elude, willfully attempts in any other manner to elude, or does elude is in violation of this offense.

False Reporting to Authorities (Misdemeanor): A person commits false reporting to authorities if he or she knowingly:
(i) Provides false information during the discovery of facts for an accident or incident.
(ii) Causes by any means (including but not limited to) the activation of an alarm or other emergency devices without the proper qualifications deemed necessary for activating such an alarm.
(iii) Prevents by any means (including but not limited to) the deactivation of any legitimate alarm meant for emergency purposes from being transmitted to the appropriate officials.
(iv) Makes a report or knowingly causes the transmission of a report to authorities of a crime or incident that did not occur.
(v) Causes the transmission of a report to authorities and pretending to furnish information relating to an offense or another incident within their official concern when he or she knows that they have no such information.
(vi) Provides false identifying information to authorities.

False reporting is punishable by a minimum of L$200 and could result in a MANDATORY court appearance, additional charges, and imprisonment dependent upon the severity of the violation(s).

False Reporting of a Harmful Substance (Felony): This violation occurs when ANYONE falsely reports to another that a bomb or other explosive, any chemical or biological agent, poison, weapon, or any harmful radioactive substance has been placed in any public or private place or vehicle designed for the transportation of persons or property.

This violation is a felony with a minimum fine of L$500 and a MANDATORY appearance in court.

Obstruction (Misdemeanor): A person commits Obstructing, by using or threatening to use violence, force, physical interference, or an obstacle against Peace Officers. Such person knowingly obstructs, impairs, or hinders the enforcement of the penal law or the preservation of the peace by a peace officer, acting under color of his or her official authority; knowingly obstructs, impairs, or hinders the prevention, control, or abatement of fire by a firefighter, acting under color of his or her official authority; knowingly obstructs, impairs, or hinders the administration of medical treatment or emergency assistance by an emergency medical service provider or rescue specialist, acting under color of his or her official authority; or knowingly obstructs, impairs, or hinders the administration of emergency care or emergency assistance by a volunteer, acting in good faith to render such care or assistance without compensation at the place of an emergency or accident.

Criminal Mischief (Misdemeanor): A person commits criminal mischief when he or she knowingly damages another person or person’s property. This includes but is not limited to the defacement, destruction, or alteration of the aforementioned with criminal intent.

Violation of this code carries a minimum fine of L$250 and is subject to other stipulations.

Criminal Mischief (Felony): A person commits criminal mischief when he or she knowingly damages another person or person’s property. This includes but is not limited to the defacement, destruction, or alteration of the aforementioned with criminal intent. Violation of this code becomes a felony at a damage cost of more than L$2500.

It carries a minimum fine of L$2500, a MANDATORY court appearance, and is subject to other stipulations and charges.

Reckless Endangerment (Misdemeanor): A person who recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury to another person commits reckless endangerment.

Child Endangerment (Misdemeanor/Felony): A person charged with Child Endangerment has been accused of not properly protecting the child that is in their care. This could be due to actions, inactions, or be a situation that COULD lead to the harm of a child or threaten their physical, mental, or emotional wellness.

IF the actions, inactions or situations result in serious bodily injury of the child, this charge is upgraded to a felony. And could result in the sentencing of a max of 6 years in jail.

Fines for this will be determined by the Courts. This carries a MANDATORY Court appearance.

Harassment (Misdemeanor): A person commits harassment if, with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm another person, he or she:
(i) Strikes, shoves, kicks, or otherwise touches a person or subjects him to physical contact; or
(ii) In a public place directs obscene language or makes an obscene gesture to or at another person; or
(iii) Follows a person in or about a public place; or
(iv) Directly or indirectly initiates communication with a person or directs language toward another person, anonymously or otherwise, by telephone, telephone network, data network, text message, instant message, computer, computer network, computer system, or other interactive electronic medium in a manner intended to harass or threaten bodily injury or property damage, or makes any comment, request, suggestion, or proposal by telephone, computer, computer network, computer system, or other interactive electronic medium that is obscene; or
(v) Makes a telephone call or causes a telephone to ring repeatedly, whether or not a conversation ensues, with no purpose of legitimate conversation; or
(vi) Makes repeated communications at inconvenient hours that invade the privacy of another and interfere in the use and enjoyment of another’s home or private residence or other private property; or
(vii) Repeatedly insults, taunts, challenges, or makes communications in offensively coarse language to, another in a manner likely to provoke a violent or disorderly response.

This section is not intended to infringe upon or to prevent the expression of any religious, political, or philosophical views.

The fine for this violation is a minimum of L$200. Dependent on the severity there could be additional fines and charges.

Stalking (Felony): A person commits stalking if directly, or indirectly through another person, the person knowingly:
(i) Makes a credible threat to another person and, in connection with the threat, repeatedly follows, approaches, contacts, or places under surveillance that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship; or
(ii) Makes a credible threat to another person and, in connection with the threat, repeatedly makes any form of communication with that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship, regardless of whether a conversation ensues; or
(iii) Repeatedly follows, approaches, contacts, places under surveillance, or makes any form of communication with another person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship in a manner that would cause a reasonable person to suffer serious emotional distress and does cause that person, a member of that person’s immediate family, or someone with whom that person has or has had a continuing relationship to suffer serious emotional distress. For purposes of this, a victim need not show that he or she received professional treatment or counseling to show that he or she suffered serious emotional distress.

If the offense occurs again within seven weeks after the date of a prior offense for which the person was convicted. Additional charges, fees, and imprisonment may be imposed. Time already served, and fines already paid will NOT be taken into account. If at the time of the offense, there was a temporary or permanent protection order, injunction, or condition of bond, probation, or parole or any other court order in effect against the person, prohibiting the behavior described in this section, the person is subject to the conditions of a repeat offender.

False Imprisonment (Kidnapping) (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

Any person who knowingly confines or detains another without the other’s consent and without proper legal authority commits false imprisonment and kidnapping. This does not apply to a peace officer acting in good faith within the scope of his or her duties. Use of force or threat of force to confine or detain another person, the confinement or detainment of a minor, circumstances of the confinement or detainment, or confinement or detainment lasting longer than twelve hours could carry more significant fines and imprisonment.

Menacing (Non-Lethal) (Misdemeanor): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of menacing if, by any threat or physical action, he or she knowingly places or attempts to place another person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury.

Menacing (Deadly force) (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of menacing if, by any threat or physical action, he or she knowingly places or attempts to place another person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury. A person commits the crime of menacing by deadly force if:
(i) By the use of a deadly weapon or any article used or fashioned in a manner to cause a person to reasonably believe that the article is a deadly weapon; or
(ii) By the person representing verbally or otherwise that he or she is armed with a deadly weapon.

Assault (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of Assualt if:
(i) With intent to cause bodily injury to another person, he or she causes such injury to any person by means of a deadly weapon; or
(ii) With intent to prevent one whom he or she knows, or should know, to be a peace officer, firefighter, emergency medical care provider, or emergency medical service provider from performing a lawful duty, he or she intentionally causes bodily injury to any person; or
(iii) With intent to prevent one whom he or she knows, or should know, to be a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider from performing a lawful duty, he or she intentionally causes serious bodily injury to any person; or
(iv) He or she recklessly causes serious bodily injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon; or
(v) For a purpose other than lawful medical or therapeutic treatment, he intentionally causes stupor, unconsciousness, or other physical or mental impairment or injury to another person by administering to him, without his consent, a drug, substance, or preparation capable of producing the intended harm; or
(vi) With intent to cause bodily injury to another person, he or she causes serious bodily injury to that person or another; or
(vii) With intent to infect, injure, or harm another person whom the actor knows or reasonably should know to be engaged in the performance of his or her duties as a peace officer, a firefighter, an emergency medical care provider, or an emergency medical service provider, he or she causes such person to come into contact with blood, seminal fluid, urine, feces, saliva, mucus, vomit, or any toxic, caustic, or hazardous material by any means, including by throwing, tossing, or expelling such fluid or material; or
(viii) With the intent to cause bodily injury, he or she applies sufficient pressure to impede or restrict the breathing or circulation of the blood of another person by applying such pressure to the neck or by blocking the nose or mouth of the other person and thereby causes bodily injury.

Assault of a Minor (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of assault of a minor if along with the provisions of assault the following are met:
(i) The alleged victim was a child under 14 years of age; and
(ii) The alleged victim was in the care and custody of the defendant; or
(iii) The defendant intended to touch the alleged victim; or
(iv) The alleged victim suffered bodily injury due to the touching.

Assault on a Peace Officer, EMSP, or FF (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of Assault on a PO, EMSP, or FF it the victim of the assault was a PO, EMSP, or FF that properly identified themselves or could clearly be seen as such, and who was the victim while they were on duty or in the act of fulfilling their obligations as if they were on duty. A person commits the crime of Assualt if:
(i) With intent to cause bodily injury to another person, he or she causes such injury to any person by means of a deadly weapon; or
(ii) With intent to prevent one whom he or she knows, or should know, to be a peace officer, firefighter, emergency medical care provider, or emergency medical service provider from performing a lawful duty, he or she intentionally causes bodily injury to any person; or
(iii) With intent to prevent one whom he or she knows, or should know, to be a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider from performing a lawful duty, he or she intentionally causes serious bodily injury to any person; or
(iv) He or she recklessly causes serious bodily injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon; or
(v) For a purpose other than lawful medical or therapeutic treatment, he intentionally causes stupor, unconsciousness, or other physical or mental impairment or injury to another person by administering to him, without his consent, a drug, substance, or preparation capable of producing the intended harm; or
(vi) With intent to cause bodily injury to another person, he or she causes serious bodily injury to that person or another; or
(vii) With intent to infect, injure, or harm another person whom the actor knows or reasonably should know to be engaged in the performance of his or her duties as a peace officer, a firefighter, an emergency medical care provider, or an emergency medical service provider, he or she causes such person to come into contact with blood, seminal fluid, urine, feces, saliva, mucus, vomit, or any toxic, caustic, or hazardous material by any means, including by throwing, tossing, or expelling such fluid or material; or
(viii) With the intent to cause bodily injury, he or she applies sufficient pressure to impede or restrict the breathing or circulation of the blood of another person by applying such pressure to the neck or by blocking the nose or mouth of the other person and thereby causes bodily injury.

Violation of a Taken Oath (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

An oath occurs when they are required to take and uphold an affirmation for a public service or office to include but not limited to the Department of Justice, Law Enforcement, Medical Services, and the Fire Department. This could be submitted in writing, proclaimed verbally, or signed upon employee placement.

A violation of this oath occurs when any aspect of the oath taken is broken with intent or unintentionally. This can include but is not limited to, violent acts, use of department information for non intended purposes, theft of department property, theft or misuse of evidence, or violation of policy and procedures of their office/position.

Vehicular Assault (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

If a person operates or drives a motor vehicle in a reckless manner, and this conduct is the proximate cause of serious bodily injury to another, such person commits vehicular assault. If a person operates or drives a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or one or more drugs, or a combination of both alcohol and one or more drugs, and this conduct is the proximate cause of a serious bodily injury to another, such person commits vehicular assault.

This is a strict liability crime.

Hazardous Waste Violations (Felony): No person shall abandon any vehicle containing any hazardous waste or intentionally spill hazardous waste upon a street, highway, right-of-way, or any other public property or upon any private property without the express consent of the owner or person in lawful charge of that private property.

“Abandon” means to leave a thing with the intention not to retain possession of or assert ownership or control over it. The intent need not coincide with the act of leaving. The vehicle has been left for more than three days unattended and unmoved, had license plates or other identifying marks removed, damaged or is deteriorated so extensively that it has value only for junk or salvage, or when the owner has been notified by a law enforcement agency to remove the vehicle and it has not been removed within twenty-four hours after notification is considered abandoned.

“Hazardous waste” means any waste or other material, alone, mixed with, or in combination with other wastes or materials, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics:
(i)Causes, or significantly contributes to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness; or
(ii) Poses a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise improperly managed.
(iii) “Hazardous waste” also means any waste or other material defined as a hazardous waste in the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to the federal “Solid Waste Disposal Act”

“Hazardous waste” does not include:
(i) Discharges which are point sources subject to permits under section 402 of the “Federal Water Pollution Control Act”, as amended;
(ii) Source, special nuclear, or byproduct material as defined by the federal “Atomic Energy Act of 1954”, as amended.

Any person who commits this violation is subject to a minimum fine of L$1500 and subject to other charges.

Tampering with a Motor Vehicle <$5000 (Misdemeanor): Any person found tampering with a motor vehicle or any part of the vehicle (to include equipment, attachments, or accessories) without the knowledge and consent of the owner could be found in violation of this code IF the damage to the vehicle or potential damage to the vehicle is less than L$5000.

Fines for a violation of this code are a minimum of L$1000.

Tampering with a Motor Vehicle includes:
(i) Tightening/loosening any bolt, bracket, wire, screw, or fastener that is contained in, contained on, or forming a part of the motor vehicle
(ii) Shifts/changes the gears or brakes of the motor vehicle
(iii) Scratches, marks, or otherwise damages the motor vehicle or any part thereof
(iv) Adds any substance or liquid to the gas tank, carburetor, oil, radiator, or any other part of the motor vehicle
(v) Aides, abets, or assists in the commission or attempted commission of any of the listed above

Tampering with a Motor Vehicle =/>L$5000 (Felony): Any person found tampering with a motor vehicle or any part of the vehicle (to include equipment, attachments, or accessories) without the knowledge and consent of the owner could be found in violation of this code IF the damage to the vehicle or potential damage to the vehicle is over and including L$5000 OR includes bodily injury.

Fines for a violation of this code are a minimum of L$5000.

Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts (License Plates) (Misdemeanor): Anyone attempting to remove, detach or take from a motor vehicle that is not legally considered their property, or anyone that aides, abets, or assists in the commission of such an action is guilty of Theft of Motor Vehicle Parts.

Theft of motor vehicle parts is fineable by a minimum of L$500. Repeat offenders are subject to additional fines and sentencing of time. If this violation is committed and bodily injury or property damage occurs along with the violation, additional charges may be issued.

Theft w/value =/<l$2000 (misdemeanor): A person commits theft when he or she knowingly obtains, retains, or exercises control over anything of value of another without authorization or by threat or deception; or receives, loans money by pawn or pledge on, or disposes of anything of value or belonging to another that he or she knows or believes to have been stolen, and:
(i) Intends to deprive the other person permanently of the use or benefit of the thing of value;
(ii) Knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the thing of value in such manner as to deprive the other person permanently of its use or benefit;
(iii) Demands any consideration to which he or she is not legally entitled as a condition of restoring the thing of value to the other person; or
(iv) Knowingly retains the thing of value more than seventy-two hours after the agreed-upon time of return in any lease or hire agreement.

Violation of this code is a minimum fee of L$500, however, it could result in additional fees and/or charges.

Theft w/Value >L$2000 (Felony): A person commits theft when he or she knowingly obtains, retains, or exercises control over anything of value of another without authorization or by threat or deception; or receives, loans money by pawn or pledge on, or disposes of anything of value or belonging to another that he or she knows or believes to have been stolen, and:
(i) Intends to deprive the other person permanently of the use or benefit of the thing of value;
(ii) Knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the thing of value in such manner as to deprive the other person permanently of its use or benefit;
(iii) Demands any consideration to which he or she is not legally entitled as a condition of restoring the thing of value to the other person; or
(iv) Knowingly retains the thing of value more than seventy-two hours after the agreed-upon time of return in any lease or hire agreement.

Violation of this code is a minimum fee of L$1500 and a MANDATORY court appearance, however, it could result in additional fees and/or charges.

Burglary in the 1st Degree (Felony): A person commits Burglary in the 1st Degree if the person knowingly and unlawfully enters, or remains unlawfully after a lawful or unlawful entry, in a building or occupied structure with the intent to commit a crime against another person or property. If in effecting entry or while in the building or occupied structure or in immediate flight therefrom, the person or another participant in the crime assaults or menaces any person, the person or another participant is armed with explosives, or the person or another participant uses a deadly weapon or possesses and threatens the use of a deadly weapon.

This violation carries a minimum L$500 fine AND a MANDATORY appearance in court.

Burglary in the 2nd Degree (Felony): A person commits Burglary in the 2nd Degree if the person knowingly breaks an entrance into, enters unlawfully in, or remains unlawfully after a lawful or unlawful entry in a building or occupied structure with the intent to commit therein a crime against another person or property.

This violation carries a minimum L$250 fine AND a MANDATORY appearance in court.

Robbery (Felony): A person who knowingly takes anything of value from the person or presence of another by the use of force, threats, or intimidation commits robbery.

A violation of this code is a minimum fee of L$500 and a MANDATORY court appearance. Dependent on the severity, additional fines and charges could be applied.

Aggravated Robbery (Felony): A person who commits robbery is guilty of aggravated robbery if during the act of robbery or immediate flight therefrom he or she:
(i) Is armed with a deadly weapon with intent, if resisted, to kill, maim, or wound the person robbed or any other person; or
(ii) Knowingly wounds or strikes the person robbed or any other person with a deadly weapon or by the use of force, threats, or intimidation with a deadly weapon knowingly puts the person robbed or any other person in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury; or
(iii) Is aiding or abetting the perpetration of the robbery, armed with a deadly weapon, with the intent, if resistance is offered, to kill, maim, or wound the person robbed or any other person, or by the use of force, threats, or intimidation puts the person robbed or any other person in reasonable fear of death or bodily injury; or
(iv)Possesses any article used or fashioned in a manner to lead any person who is present to reasonably believe it to be a deadly weapon or represents verbally or otherwise that he is then and there so armed.

Aggravated Robbery is a felony and carries a minimum fine of L$500 as well as a MANDATORY court appearance to determine additional penalties.

Arson in the 3rd Degree (Misdemeanor): Any person that by means of fire or explosives, intentionally damages ANY property (occupied or not) without the consent of the owner, may be found in violation of this code.

An offender convicted of Arson in the 3rd Degree by the use of explosives could be sentenced and fined in excess of the minimum L$1500.

Those charged with this code violation MUST appear in court.

Arson in the 2nd Degree (Felony): Any person that knowingly sets fire to, burns, causes to be burned, or uses an explosive to damage or destroy ANY property (occupied or not) without the consent of the owner and results in the endangerment of a person or animal, may be found in violation of this code.

An offender convicted of Arson in the 2nd Degree by the use of explosives could be sentenced and fined in excess of the minimum L$5,000.

Those charged with this violation MUST appear in court.

Arson in the 1st Degree (Felony): Any person that knowingly sets fire to, burns, causes to be burned, or uses an explosive to damage or destroy ANY property (occupied or not) without the consent of the owner and results in the bodily injury of a person or animal, may be found in violation of this code.

An offender convicted of Arson in the 1st Degree by the use of explosives could be sentenced and fined in excess of the minimum L$10,000.

Those charged with this violation MUST appear in court.

Manslaughter (Felony): The offense of this carries a MANDATORY court appearance

A person commits the crime of manslaughter if:
(i) Such a person recklessly causes the death of another person; or
(ii) Such a person intentionally causes or aids another person to commit suicide.

This section shall not apply to a person, including a proxy decision-maker as such person, who complies with any advance medical directive in accordance, including a medical durable power of attorney, a living will, or a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) directive. This section shall not apply to a medical caregiver with prescriptive authority or authority to administer medication who prescribes or administers medication for palliative care to a terminally ill patient with the consent of the terminally ill patient or his or her agent.

“Agent” means a person appointed to represent the interests of the terminally ill patient by a medical power of attorney, power of attorney, health care proxy, or any other similar statutory or regular procedure used for the designation of such person.

“Medical caregiver” means a physician, registered nurse, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or anesthesiologist assistant licensed by this state.

“Palliative care” means medical care and treatment provided by a licensed medical caregiver to a patient with an advanced chronic or terminal illness whose condition may not be responsive to curative treatment and who is, therefore, receiving treatment that relieves pain and suffering and supports the best possible quality of his or her life.

This shall not be interpreted to permit a medical caregiver to assist in the suicide of the patient.

Criminally Negligent Homicide (Felony): This offense carries a MANDATORY court date.

If a person operates or drives a motor vehicle in a reckless manner, and such conduct is the proximate cause of the death of another, such person commits vehicular homicide. If a person operates or drives a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or one or more drugs, or a combination of both alcohol and one or more drugs, and such conduct is the proximate cause of the death of another, such person commits vehicular homicide. This is a strict liability crime.

Murder in the 2nd Degree (Felony): This offense carries a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of murder in the second degree if the person knowingly causes the death of a person. Diminished responsibility due to self-induced intoxication is not a defense to murder in the second degree. Murder in the second degree is felony where the act causing the death was performed upon a sudden heat of passion, caused by a serious and highly provoking act of the intended victim, affecting the defendant sufficiently to excite an irresistible passion in a reasonable person; but, if between the provocation and the killing there is an interval sufficient for the voice of reason and humanity to be heard, the killing is a felony.

Murder in the 1st Degree (Felony): The offense of this carries a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person commits the crime of murder in the first degree if:
(i)After deliberation and with the intent to cause the death of a person other than himself, he causes the death of that person or of another person; or
(ii) Acting either alone or with one or more persons, he or she commits or attempts to commit arson, robbery, burglary, kidnapping, sexual assault and, in the course of or in furtherance of the crime that he or she is committing or attempting to commit, or of immediate flight therefrom, the death of a person, other than one of the participants, is caused by anyone; or
(iii) By perjury or subornation of perjury he procures the conviction and execution of any innocent person; or
(iv) Under circumstances evidencing an attitude of universal malice manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life generally, he knowingly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to a person, or persons, other than himself, and thereby causes the death of another; or
(v) He or she commits unlawful distribution, dispensation, or sale of a controlled substance to a person under the age of eighteen years on school grounds, and the death of such person is caused by the use of such controlled substance; or
(vi) The person knowingly causes the death of a child who has not yet attained twelve years of age and the person committing the offense is one in a position of trust with respect to the victim.

Murder of a Peace Officer, EMS, or FDP (Felony): The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

A person who commits murder and the victim is a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider, engaged in the performance of his or her duties, commits the felony crime of murder of a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider.

As used in this section, “peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider engaged in the performance of his or her duties” means a peace officer, a firefighter or an emergency medical service provider who is engaged or acting in, or who is present for the purpose of engaging or acting in, the performance of any duty, service, or function imposed, authorized, required, or permitted by law to be performed by a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider, whether or not the peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider is within the territorial limits of his or her jurisdiction, if the peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider is in uniform or the person committing an assault upon or offense against or otherwise acting toward the peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider.

A person convicted of first degree murder of a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider shall be punished by life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for the rest of his or her natural life, unless a proceeding held to determine sentence results in a verdict that requires imposition of the death penalty, in which event the person shall be sentenced to death.

The general assembly recognizes that protection of peace officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service providers from crime is a major concern of our state because society depends on peace officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service providers for protection against crime and other dangers and because peace officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service providers are disproportionately damaged by crime because their duty to protect society often places them in dangerous circumstances. Society as a whole benefits from affording special protection to peace officers, firefighters, and emergency medical service providers because the protection deters crimes against them and allows them to better serve and protect our state. The general assembly, therefore, finds that the penalties for murder of a peace officer, firefighter, or emergency medical service provider should be more severe than the penalty for the murder of other members of society.

Possession of a Dangerous and/or Exotic Animal: The offense of this requires a MANDATORY court appearance.

No person or agency outside of Animal Control may harbor, care for, act as a custodian, or maintain in their possession any dangerous animals, exotic mammals, exotic reptiles, or primate except at a properly maintained zoological park, federally licensed exhibit, circus, scientific institution, research laboratory, or veterinary hospital.

“Dangerous animal” means a lion, tiger, leopard, ocelot, jaguar, cheetah, margay, mountain lion, lynx, bobcat, jaguarundi, bear, hyena, wolf, coyote, or any poisonous and/or life-threatening reptile.

“Exotic” refers to a mammal or reptile that is native to a foreign place, and not native to Colorado. Farm animals are excluded from this listing.

Gambling: It is illegal for a person or organization to operate a game of chance or to place a bet on any game that involves the winning of money, property, or anything that holds financial value.

This is a mandatory court appearance with fines that could exceed 10,000L$ and up to 6 months of confinement for EACH charge.